May 29 2014 Gatherer314’s Notes

The following is what Gatherer314 was not able to post in the YouTube comment section.

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These are the ones I tried posting on YouTube (+a couple extra)

“Conventional thinking based on past research is that the Antarctic Ice Sheet has been relatively stable since the last ice age, that it began to melt relatively late during the deglaciation process, and that its decline was slow and steady until it reached its present size. The sediment record suggests a different pattern — one that is more episodic and suggests that parts of the ice sheet repeatedly became unstable during the last deglaciation.”
~http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/05/140528133151.htm
‘Millennial-scale variability in Antarctic ice-sheet discharge during the last deglaciation’
~http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature13397.html

‘Tiny warming of residual anthropogenic CO2’
Abstract:
The residual fraction of anthropogenic CO2 emissions which has not been captured by carbon sinks and remains in the atmosphere, is estimated by two independent experimental methods which support each other: the 13C/12C ratio and the temperature-independent fraction of d(CO2)/dt on a yearly scale after subtraction of annual fluctuations the amplitude ratio of which reaches a factor as large as 7. The anthropogenic fraction is then used to evaluate the additional warming by analysis of its spectral contribution to the outgoing long-wavelength radiation (OLR) measured by infrared spectrometers embarked in satellites looking down. The anthropogenic CO2 additional warming extrapolated in 2100 is found lower than 0.1°C in the absence of feedbacks. The global temperature data are fitted with an oscillation of period 60 years added to a linear contribution. The data which support the 60-year cycle are summarized, in particular sea surface temperatures and sea level rise measured either by tide gauge or by satellite altimetry. The tiny anthropogenic warming appears consistent with the absence of any detectable change of slope of the 130-year-long linear contribution to the temperature data before and after the onset of large CO2 emissions.
~http://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/S0217979214500957

‘The Nonlinear and Nonlocal Link between Macroscopic Alfvénic and Microscopic Electrostatic Scales in the Solar Wind’
The local heating of the solar-wind gas during its expansion represents one of the most intriguing problems in space plasma physics and is at present the subject of a relevant scientific effort. The possible mechanisms that could account for local heat production in the interplanetary medium are most likely related to the turbulent character of the solar-wind plasma. Nowadays, many observational and numerical analyses are devoted to the identification of fluctuation channels along which energy is carried from large to short wavelengths during the development of the turbulent cascade; these fluctuation channels establish the link between macroscopic and microscopic scales. In this Letter, by means of a quantitative comparison between in situ measurements in the solar wind from the STEREO spacecraft and numerical results from kinetic simulations, we identify an electrostatic channel of fluctuations that develops along the turbulent cascade in a direction parallel to the ambient magnetic field. This channel appears to be efficient in transferring the energy from large Alfvénic to short electrostatic acoustic-like scales up to a range of wavelengths where it can finally be turned into heat, even when the electron to proton temperature ratio is of the order of unity.
~http://iopscience.iop.org/2041-8205/788/1/L16/article

‘Fine Structure of Flare Ribbons and Evolution of Electric Currents’
Abstract:
Emission of solar flares across the electromagnetic spectrum is often observed in the form of two expanding ribbons. The standard flare model explains flare ribbons as footpoints of magnetic arcades, emitting due to interaction of energetic particles with the chromospheric plasma. However, the physics of this interaction and properties of the accelerated particles are still unknown. We present results of multiwavelength observations of the C2.1 flare of 2013 August 15, observed with the New Solar Telescope of the Big Bear Solar Observatory, and the Solar Dynamics Observatory, GOES, and Fermi spacecraft. The observations reveal previously unresolved sub-arcsecond structure of flare ribbons in regions of strong magnetic field consisting from numerous small-scale bright knots. We observe a red-blue asymmetry of Hα flare ribbons with a width as small as ~100 km. We discuss the relationship between the ribbons and vertical electric currents estimated from vector magnetograms, and show that Joule heating can be responsible for energization of Hα knots in the ribbons.
~ http://iopscience.iop.org/2041-8205/788/1/L18/article

‘How is local material entropy production represented in a numerical model?’
“Numerical models of the atmosphere should fulfill fundamental physical laws. The Second Law of thermodynamics is associated with positive local entropy production and dissipation of available energy .. Conventional turbulent heat flux parameterizations do not conform with the Second Law. A new water vapor flux formulation is derived from the requirement of locally positive entropy production. The conventional and the new water vapor fluxes are compared using high-resolution radiosonde data. Conventional water vapor fluxes are wrong by up to 10% and exhibit a negative bias..”
~ http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/qj.2404/abstract

Some More Links:

~ http://p.washingtontimes.com/news/2014/may/26/sponsors-of-pentagons-alarm-raising-climate-study-/

~ http://www.foxnews.com/opinion/2014/05/21/good-news-vs-pessimism-porn/

~ https://quadrant.org.au/opinion/doomed-planet/2014/05/climate-science-banished-bishop/

These are just some others for a look-see…

‘The 60-year solar modulation of global air temperature: the Earth’s rotation and atmospheric circulation connection’
Summary:
Spectral analysis of geomagnetic activity, global air temperature, Earth’s rotation rate and zonal circulation, when smoothed from secular trend and periods shorter than 23 years, shows a concentration of energy around the 60-year period explaining more than 80% of the entire variance. This information has enabled the set-up of a cascade physical model that integrates the Sun-atmosphere-Earth system as a single unit and ties solar corpuscular radiation to global warming through Earth’s rotation and atmospheric circulation. Our results suggest that changes in geomagnetic activity, and in the Earth’s rotation, could be used as long- and short-term indicators, respectively, of future changes in global air temperature.
~http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00704-005-0219-z
~http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.175.4041&rep=rep1&type=pdf
~http://arxiv.org/pdf/1206.5835.pdf

‘Effect of self-absorption on attenuation of lightning and transmitter signals in the lower ionosphere’
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2014JA019921/abstract

‘Ionospheric variability over Indian low latitude linked with the 2009 sudden stratospheric warming’
~http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2014JA019847/abstract

‘MARSIS observations of the Martian nightside ionosphere dependence on solar wind conditions’
~http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2014JA019788/abstract

‘Troposphere-stratosphere coupling: Links to North Atlantic weather and climate, including their representation in CMIP5 models’
~http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2013JD021191/abstract

‘Ionospheric disturbance dynamo associated to a coronal hole: Case study of 5–10 April 2010’
“In this paper we study the planetary magnetic disturbance during the magnetic storm occurring on 5 April 2010 associated with high-speed solar wind stream due to a coronal hole following a coronal mass ejection. We separate the magnetic disturbance associated to the ionospheric disturbance dynamo (Ddyn) from the magnetic disturbance associated to the prompt penetration of magnetospheric electric field (DP2). This event exhibits different responses of ionospheric disturbance dynamo in the different longitude sectors (European-African, Asian, and American). The strongest effect is observed in the European-African sector. The Ddyn disturbance reduces the amplitude of the daytime H component at low latitudes during four consecutive days in agreement with the Blanc and Richmond’s model of ionospheric disturbance dynamo. The amplitude of Ddyn decreased with time during the 4 days. We discuss its diverse worldwide effects. The observed signature of magnetic disturbance process in specific longitude sector is strongly dependent on which Earth’s side faces the magnetic storms (i.e., there is a different response depending on which longitude sector is at noon when the SSC hits). Finally, we determined an average period of 22 h for Ddyn using wavelet analysis.”
~ http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2013JA019510/abstract

‘Geomagnetic activity effect on the global ionosphere during the 2007–2009 deep solar minimum’
Abstract:
In this paper the significant effect of weaker geomagnetic activity during the 2007–2009 deep solar minimum on ionospheric variability on the shorter-term time scales of several days was highlighted via investigating the response of daily mean global electron content (GEC, the global area integral of total electron content derived from ground-based GPS measurements) to geomagnetic activity index Ap. Based on a case during the deep solar minimum, the effect of the recurrent weaker geomagnetic disturbances on the ionosphere was evident. Statistical analyses indicate that the effect of weaker geomagnetic activity on GEC variations on shorter-term time scales was significant during 2007–2009 even under relatively quiet geomagnetic activity condition; daily mean GEC was positively correlated with geomagnetic activity. However, GEC variations on shorter-term time scales were poorly correlated with geomagnetic activity during the solar cycle descending phase of 2003–2005 except under strong geomagnetic disturbance condition. Statistically, the effects of solar EUV irradiance, geomagnetic activity, and other factors (e.g., meteorological sources) on GEC variations on shorter-term time scales were basically equivalent during the 2007–2009 solar minimum.
~http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2013JA019692/abstract

‘Modeling of severe persistent droughts over eastern China during the last millennium’
“..A modeled data intercomparison suggests the possibility that solar activity may be the primary driver in the occurrence of the 1129–1144, 1354–1365, 1466–1491 and 1631–1648 droughts as identified by the model. However another possibility that these events may be related to internal variability cannot be excluded. Although the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) plays an important role in monsoon variability, a temporally consistent relationship between the droughts and SST pattern in the Pacific Ocean could not be found either in the modeled or proxy data. Our analyses also indicate that large volcanic eruptions play a role as an amplifier in the drought of 1631–1648 and caused the droughts of 1830–1853 and 1958–1976, which was identified by the model.”
~ http://www.clim-past.net/10/1079/2014/cp-10-1079-2014.html